Lasers in cosmetology: types of lasers, side effects and complications of laser cosmetology.

The laser is a powerful source of light. It has extraordinary characteristics and is capable of covering long distances with little divergence. Based on the unique properties of the laser beam, laser cosmetology appeared. Direction is distinguished by the ability to penetrate hard-to-reach areas of the body, control the blood circulation process, select the most suitable exposure method, and adjust the device parameters to the characteristics of the patient's body. The ability to get beautiful skin without cuts or punctures appeals to many people. Therefore, rejuvenation and other services involving manipulation of a high-energy beam are preferred to plastic surgeries and "beauty shots. "

Types of lasers

To achieve curative and corrective effects, different types of cosmetic lasers are used; It is advisable to immediately ask the cosmetologist what type of installation they use in the office. All varieties are united by the absence of consequences in the form of scars, scars, which often occur after the interventions of cosmetic surgeons.

Existsthese types of lasers:

1. Erbium. . . It penetrates superficially, removes the defect with maximum precision. The thermal energy generated is quickly dissipated so that nearby tissues are not damaged. The short and fast pulses, combined with the wavelength and energy density of the emitted wave, must be balanced. Only then are the side effects of the procedure excluded. With the help of an erbium laser, stretch marks are qualitatively removed, a tightening is performed, and a peeling is performed.

2. Carbon dioxide. . . It has been used in cosmetology and medicine for almost 40 years. Indications for rejuvenation with this particular type of beam are age spots on the face and body, tattoo removal, poor quality permanent makeup, post-operative scar removal, past injuries, attempts to clear acne on your own themselves.

   The carbon dioxide laser (the second name of the unit) is used to perform dermabrasion, a fairly serious cosmetic procedure. In case of improper handling of the device, hasty setting of options, leads to irreversible consequences. The device allows you to direct a metered high-energy beam, regulate, and then control the depth of penetration. In one session, the esthetician processes a large area of the skin. Direct indications for the use of carbon dioxide laser are the need to remove papillomas, colloidal scars, and the effects of acne. The patient will be able to normalize the skin condition, if it was previously problematic. The beautician will remove the enlarged pores, level the surface of the epithelium. The advantage of the procedure is a low number of relapses and side effects, a short recovery period. Disadvantages: redness lasts for a long time in the treatment area (up to 2 months). The phenomenon is associated with the expansion of capillaries: small blood vessels are under increased stress during the procedure. Allowing an incorrect dose of the laser beam produces scarring, weakening or vice versa: an increase in pigmentation.

3. Ruby. . . This beam is used for hair removal. Feature: the procedure can be performed only on fair skin. By acting on tanned or naturally dark skin, it can lead to problems with pigmentation, with an even more serious load, a burn will occur.
4. Alexandrite. . . It generates a long-range beam that distinguishes it from its ruby counterpart. Processing requires constant external cooling of the tissues. It is used for exposure to fair skin, provided there is no sunburn. Waxing for a person with blonde hair is ineffective and even harmful.
5. Diode. . . This type of laser is used for one of the most effective types of hair removal. The penetration depth of the beam does not exceed 4 mm. The advantage of the procedure is the absence of damage to the natural pigmentation of the body.

Also applyneodymium laser. . . The individual properties of the generated energy flow allow it to be used for various purposes, from removing low-quality permanent makeup to hair removal. In addition to affecting the hair follicle and the natural pigment of the skin, the ray affects the small blood vessels. They coagulate. Facilities of this type are equipped only in specialized clinics; in standard beauty salons, their presence is quite rare.

Indications for laser treatment.

The widespread use of lasers in cosmetology is explained by the versatile spectrum of direction. It will be useful to contact a beautician and sign up for the procedure for people with such skin problems:

• Acne, the subsequent consequences are scars, blue spots.
• Wrinkles are typical, pronounced age-related imitations.
• Scars, regardless of their origin, limitation period.
• Sagging facial contours.
• Skin laxity, decreased tone.
• Bags under the eyes.
• Hyperpigmentation on the face, body.
• The presence of dark circles under the eyes.
• Low quality tattoo.
• Enlarged pores.

After the treatment, the skin becomes velvety, smooth, soft and smooth. The defects disappear, so the face and body acquire a uniform texture. The length of a procedure depends on the type of laser treatment, the patient's expectations, the amount of work to be done, and the degree of neglect of the existing defect. Sometimes the length of a session is predetermined by the age of the skin problem.

The choice of a beautician and contraindications to the procedure

Laser correction has been used in cosmetology for a long time. And since the introduction of innovation, experts have established almost all the characteristics of the body, in the presence of which it is better to refuse the procedure. The limitation is explained by the fact that exposure to a high-energy beam aggravates the course of pathological processes that are continuously present in the body.

The list of contraindications is replenished every month, since not a single rejuvenating and corrective effect is worth a person's life - she is the priority. The fact that you have chosen the right esthetician (and not a salon, medical center) is evidenced by her desire to collect as much information as possible about her health. A competent doctor always specifies absolutely all chronic diseases, and also takes into account those that the patient suffered in childhood. She knows all the medications that are taken regularly or periodically. What matters is the propensity to develop allergies, what lifestyle the patient leads, if there has already been an experience of laser correction, what she has led to.

Absolutely all factors matter, and if a beautician simply indifferently signs up for a visit to the procedure, she cannot be called competent.

Having identified at least one contraindication, the doctor will suggest alternative ways to obtain the expected effect or will recommend abandoning the idea of using a laser altogether.
A competent physician will never perform such procedures after learning that a patient has:

• Low blood clotting (hemophilia, including family history), predisposition to thrombosis.
• Diseases of an autoimmune nature: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Inflammatory elements of unknown origin were found in the skin of the face and body.
• Inflammatory processes and extensive skin lesions: psoriasis, dermatosis, herpes infection.
• Pre-cancerous condition.
• There are many moles on the body (more than 100).
• Sunburns naturally (on the beach, for example) lead to the formation of new moles. They are somewhat darker than the nevi already present or do not differ in tone.
• Oncological tumors of a benign and malignant nature (the location does not matter).
• Diabetes mellitus, regardless of its type.
• Hypertension.
• Chronic kidney failure.
• Early postoperative period (weak immunity can cause unpredictable skin reaction to rejuvenation).
• Severe ischemia
• Phlebeurysm.
• Psycho-emotional instability, presence of serious mental illness.
• The need to take sulfonamides, antibiotics, hormonal agents, fluoroquinolones, as well as drugs that enhance the effect of ultraviolet radiation.
• Tendency to activate colloidal healing.
• Family history of vitiligo.
• Pregnancy, lactation period.

The presence of these factors is incompatible with the use of a laser, and all these conditions are linked by a common concept: absolute contraindications. If the esthetician becomes aware of your presence, in no case should it be possible to perform the effect with a lot of energy. The procedure can accelerate the course of oncological processes, transfer chronic diseases to an aggravating phase, and turn moles into a malignant neoplasm.

But there are several relative contraindications: most of them are temporary, and the cosmetologist only postpones the procedure for another date. These phenomena include:

1. The appearance in the affected area of acne, a boil.
2. Increased body temperature
3. Respiratory infections.
4. Fresh tan.
5. Hypertensive crisis on the day of planned manipulation.
6. Menstruation.
7. Visiting a chemical (acid) peel in the last 2 weeks. The skin must regenerate, otherwise the exposure will cause burns.

It is impossible to characterize laser treatment as a harmless procedure. The beam penetrates the skin, by the power of energy, destroys old cells, removes the areas of defects. If the body suffers from peculiarities, pathologies and is prone to an inadequate response to ultraviolet light, the beautician should be warned.

Side effects of laser exposure

The laser beam is an invention intended to improve the state of appearance. The procedure is really effective and has already provided obvious positive effects to many people. But even these statistics cannot assure against possible negative results in each subsequent case. Exactly the same treatment for some patients can be a real salvation from scars, acne and wrinkles, while for others it can lead to problems in the body.

All negative results have their root cause: they appear due to the illiteracy of the cosmetologist, the characteristics of the patient's immunity, the unwillingness to care for the already treated skin surface. The laser beam can cause the following side effects:

• Burn (when the cosmetologist incorrectly chose the parameters of exposure to the laser beam).
• Scabbing is normal for certain types of laser procedures. But the appearance of a scab, which creates pain even with mimic activity, is a pathology.
• Itching due to increased sensitivity of the skin.
• Redness: usually disappears after 2-3 days, subject to systematic treatment with a burn remedy.
• Tissue healing. The change in texture is the result of an incorrect selection of the processing parameters.
• Activation of herpes infection is the reaction of the body's immune system to an irritant.

Also, side effects include edema and the development of suppuration from the treated area. But this happens only in the case of a bacterial infection: when the patient rubs, he combs the polished surface with a laser.

If there are no obstacles to the procedure, laser treatment of the problem skin area will be the best option to solve the problem. In the vast majority, it is the beneficial properties of a high-precision beam that are described in the medical literature. Experiencing psychological discomfort from the realization of external inferiority, thanks to the use of a laser, many people have removed aesthetic imperfections and become happy.